Mars par zair-e-zameen pani ke barey zakhair ka pata chala
Reuters ne report kiya ke scientists ko aise shawahid mile hain jin se pata chalta hai ke Mars ki surface ke neeche tooti hui aagni chattanon ke andar maya (liquid) pani ka ek waseey zakhira mojood ho sakta hai.
Yeh zakhira mumkin hai ke itna pani rakhta ho ke Mars ki poori surface ko samundar se dhank sake.
Yeh natija NASA ke robotic InSight lander ke jama karda zalzalon ke data se nikla hai, jo Mars ke andarooni hisson ki talaash mein aham kirdar ada kar raha hai. Pani ka takhmeena Mars ki surface se neeche 7.2 aur 12.4 mile (11.5 se 20 kilometer) ke darmiyan hai. Mohqaqeen ke mutabiq, yeh halaat mazeed ya is waqt microbial zindagi ko barqarar rakhne ke liye mozoon ho sakte hain.
“In gehraiyon mein, parat pani ke maya’ ki shakal mein rehne ke liye kaafi garam hai. Kam gehraiyon mein, pani barf mein jam jata,” Vishen Wright, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego ke sayarati science daan ne wazahat ki, aur mutaala’ ke sarbarah musannif (author) jo ke Monday ko *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences* mein shaya hui.
University of California, Berkeley mein sayarati science daan Michael Manga aur is tehqiqat ke shareek musannif ne mazeed kaha, “Zameen par, hum pani se seer chattanon mein zair-e-zameen gehraiyon mein microbial zindagi daryaft karte hain aur taqat ka ek zariya”. InSight lander ne 2018 mein Mars ke gehraayee andarooni hissoon ka mutaala karne ke liye neeche utara, sayarh ke mukhtalif tehon, iske maya’ dhaati core se lekar iske mantle aur iske crust tak data ikattha kiya. InSight mission 2022 mein khatam hua.
Wright ne kaha, “InSight zalzala ki lehron ki raftaar aur woh kis tarah gehraayi ke sath tabdeel hoti hain, iski peemanaish karne ke qabil tha. Zalzala ki lehron ki raftaar is baat par munhasir hai ke chattan kis cheez se bani hai, isme kahan daradain hain aur kis cheez se daradain bharti hain,” Wright ne kaha.
“Humne mapi hui seismic lehr ki raftaar, kashish-e-saqal (gravity) ki measurement aur rock physics ke models ko aikja kiya. Rock physics ke models wohi hain jo hum Zameen par mojood pani ki khususiyaat ya zair-e-zameen tail aur gas ke wasail ke peemanaish ke liye istemal karte hain.”
Adad o shumar ne sayarah ki sab se bairooni teh, Mars ki crust mein, magma ya lava ke thandak aur sakhti mein tashkeel paane walay – tooti hui aagni chattanon ke andar maya’ pani ke is zakhire ki mojoodgi ki nishandahi ki.
Wright ne kaha, “Ek darmiyani crust jis ki chatanain phati hui hain aur mayi pani se bhari hui hain, zalzala aur kashish-e-saqeel dono ke adad o shumaar ki behtareen wazahat karti hai.” “Pani fracture ke andar mojood hai. Agar InSight ka maqam numayanda hai aur aap darmiyani parat ke fracture se sara pani nikaal lete hain, to humara andaza hai ke pani Mars par 1-2 kilometer gehra (0.6-1.2 mile) samandar bhar jayega, aalamgir satah par.”
Mars ki satah aaj sardi aur veeran hai lekin kabhi garm aur geli thi. Yeh 3 billion saal pehle badal gaya tha. Tehqiq se pata chalta hai ke Mars ki satah par mojood pani ka zyadatar hissa khala mein nahi gaya balki chhaan kar crust mein gir gaya.
Manga ne kaha ke “ibtidayi Mars ki satah par daryaoon, jheelon aur mumkin tor par samandar mein mayi pani mojood tha. Mars par ki parat bhi apni tareekh ke ibtidayi daur se hi pani se bhari hui ho sakti hai,” Manga ne kaha.
“Zameen par, zair-e-zameen pani ki satah se daraandazi hui, aur hum tawakku karte hain ke yeh Mars par pani ki tareekh se milta julta hoga. Yeh us waqt hua hoga jab oopri crust aaj ki nisbatt zyada garm thi.”
Agar bani nooh insaan ko kabhi bhi Mars ki satah par khala baazon ko rakhna hai ya kisi qisam ki taweel muddat ke tasfiyah kaim karna hai to pani ek aham wasila hoga. Mars apne qutbi khittay aur is ki satah par barf ki shakal mein pani ko mehfooz rakhta hai. Halaankeh, bazaahir zair-e-zameen mayi pani ki gehraayi tak rasai mushkil ho jayegi.
“In gehraiyon tak khudaai karna bohot mushkil hai. Un jagahon ki talash jahan arz-e-shanaasi saragarmi is pani ko bahir nikalti hai, mumkin tor par tectonically active Cerberus Fossae (Mars ke shumaali nisf kura ka ek ilaqa), gehraayi madooson ki talash ka mutabadil hai,” Manga ne kaha, halaankeh unhoon ne note kiya ke Mars ke maaholiat ke tahaffuz ke baray mein tashwishaat ko door karna zaroori hoga.
